Brood X Cicadas: What They Are and What to Expect When They Emerge

Every 17 years, a natural phenomenon captures the attention of millions across the eastern United States: the emergence of Brood X cicadas. These fascinating insects, known for their loud buzzing and sheer numbers, are a wonder of the natural world. But what exactly are Brood X cicadas, and what can we expect when they emerge? In this piece, we’ll dive into the world of these periodic insects, exploring their life cycle, behavior, and the impact of their emergence on the environment and humans.

What Are Brood X Cicadas?

Brood X (pronounced “Brood Ten”) is one of the largest and most well-known groups of periodical cicadas. These insects belong to the genus Magicicada and are famous for their synchronized, 17-year life cycle. Unlike annual cicadas, which appear every summer, Brood X cicadas spend nearly two decades underground before emerging en masse.

The Life Cycle of Brood X Cicadas

1. Egg Stage: After mating, female cicadas lay eggs in tree branches. The eggs hatch after about six to ten weeks, and tiny nymphs fall to the ground.
2. Nymph Stage: The nymphs burrow into the soil, where they spend the next 17 years feeding on tree root sap.
3. Emergence: In their 17th year, the nymphs tunnel to the surface, usually in late spring or early summer, when soil temperatures reach about 64°F (18°C).
4. Adult Stage: After emerging, the nymphs molt into adults, leaving behind their exoskeletons. The adults live for about four to six weeks, during which they mate and lay eggs, starting the cycle anew.

What to Expect When Brood X Cicadas Emerge

1. Massive Numbers: Brood X cicadas emerge in the billions, creating a spectacle unlike any other. Their sheer density can be overwhelming, with thousands of cicadas per acre.
2. Loud Buzzing: Male cicadas produce a loud buzzing sound to attract females. The collective noise can reach up to 100 decibels, comparable to a lawnmower or motorcycle.
3. Short Lifespan: Adult cicadas live only a few weeks, so their presence is intense but brief. By mid-summer, they will have completed their life cycle.
4. Tree Damage: Female cicadas lay eggs in tree branches, which can cause minor damage known as “flagging.” While healthy trees can withstand this, young or weak trees may need protection.
5. Ecological Impact: The emergence of Brood X cicadas provides a feast for predators like birds, mammals, and even pets. Their bodies also enrich the soil with nutrients as they decompose.

Where and When Will Brood X Emerge?

Brood X cicadas are found in 15 states across the eastern United States, including:

• Delaware
• Georgia
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Kentucky
• Maryland
• Michigan
• North Carolina
• New Jersey
• New York
• Ohio
• Pennsylvania
• Tennessee
• Virginia
• West Virginia

The emergence typically occurs in late May or early June, depending on local weather conditions.

How to Prepare for Brood X Cicadas

1. Protect Young Trees: Cover young or vulnerable trees with netting to prevent egg-laying damage.
2. Enjoy the Spectacle: While their numbers and noise can be overwhelming, Brood X cicadas are harmless to humans and pets. Take the opportunity to observe this rare natural event.
3. Avoid Pesticides: Using pesticides to control cicadas is unnecessary and harmful to the environment. Their emergence is temporary and part of a natural cycle.
4. Learn and Share: Use this opportunity to educate others about cicadas and their role in the ecosystem. Their emergence is a chance to connect with nature and appreciate its wonders.

Why Brood X Cicadas Matter

Brood X cicadas are more than just a curiosity—they play a vital role in their ecosystems. Their emergence provides a food source for predators, enriches the soil, and helps control tree populations. They also remind us of the incredible complexity and resilience of nature.

Final Thoughts

The emergence of Brood X cicadas is a once-in-a-generation event that showcases the beauty and mystery of the natural world. While their arrival may be noisy and overwhelming, it’s also a reminder of the intricate cycles that sustain life on Earth. By understanding and appreciating these remarkable insects, we can deepen our connection to the environment and the wonders it holds.